Yalan Söyleme
Özet
Bu bölümde çocuklarda yalan söyleme davranışı gelişimsel bir bakış açısıyla ele alınmıştır. Öncelikle yalan kavramı tanımlanmış; aldatma, yanıltma, prososyal (beyaz) yalan ve antisosyal yalan kavramları arasındaki farklılıklar açıklanmıştır. Ardından çocuklarda yalan söylemenin bebeklikten ergenliğe kadar uzanan gelişimsel süreci incelenmiş; yaşla birlikte bilişsel gelişim, zihin kuramı, yürütücü işlevler ve ahlaki muhakemedeki değişimlerin yalan söyleme davranışına etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Bölümde ayrıca Piaget, Vygotsky, Kohlberg, sosyal öğrenme yaklaşımı ve bağlanma kuramı çerçevesinde çocuklarda yalan söylemenin gelişimini açıklayan temel kuramsal yaklaşımlar özetlenmiştir. Çocukların yalan söyleme nedenleri; cezadan kaçınma, ödül elde etme, hayal gücü, benlik saygısını koruma, sosyal kabul görme ve başkalarını koruma gibi farklı motivasyonlar doğrultusunda ele alınmıştır. Bunun yanında yaş, dil gelişimi, zihin kuramı, yürütücü işlevler, mizaç ve empati gibi çocuğa ilişkin özelliklerin yanı sıra aile, okul, akran, dijital medya ve yapay zekâ gibi çevresel etmenlerin yalan söyleme davranışı üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmıştır. Son olarak güven temelli ebeveynlik, olumlu disiplin, model olma, hikâye kitapları, oyun, drama, duygu eğitimi ve problem çözme becerileri aracılığıyla çocuklarda dürüstlük davranışının nasıl desteklenebileceğine ilişkin araştırma temelli önerilere yer verilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Ahlaki gelişim, Yalan söyleme davranışı, Dürüstlük, Çocuk
Konu Alanı: Sosyal Bilimler -> Eğitim -> Çocuk Gelişimi
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