Türkiye'de Avokado Üretiminin Sürdürülebilirlik Analizi ve Politika Çıkarımları
Özet
Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) has become one of the fastest-growing horticultural commodities worldwide due to increasing consumer awareness of healthy diets, rising demand for functional foods, and expanding international trade. In Türkiye, commercial avocado cultivation is relatively recent but has experienced remarkable structural growth over the past two decades, particularly in the Mediterranean coastal region, where favorable microclimatic conditions enable high-yield production. While this rapid expansion offers significant economic opportunities for farmers, exporters, and rural communities, it also raises concerns regarding long-term resource management and sustainability. Intensive production systems may increase pressure on water resources, biodiversity, soil quality, and ecosystem services, particularly under the growing impacts of climate change and variability.
This study examines the multi-dimensional sustainability of avocado production in Türkiye by integrating environmental, economic, social, and technological dimensions within internationally recognized sustainability frameworks. Environmental sustainability is assessed through water use efficiency, lifecycle carbon emissions, biodiversity conservation, and climate resilience. Economic sustainability is evaluated in terms of farm profitability, production costs, market competitiveness, and export potential, while social sustainability considers rural employment, producer welfare, horizontal knowledge transfer, and youth participation in agriculture. Crucially, the study evaluates technological and agronomical innovation pathways within the value chain, discussing the strategic role of climate-smart agriculture, data-driven precision farming, renewable energy integration (such as solar-powered irrigation), and circular economy practices in enhancing long-term sectoral resilience.
The findings highlight a sharp vertical increase in both cultivation areas and tree numbers, verified by official TURKSTAT data. Türkiye possesses considerable comparative advantages for sustainable avocado cultivation due to its ideal agroecological conditions, booming domestic demand, and strategic geographical proximity to high-value European and Middle Eastern markets. This logistical edge minimizes transport-induced greenhouse gas emissions compared to overseas competitors, offering a distinct green trade advantage. Nevertheless, future sustainability is threatened by localized challenges, including projected water scarcity in the Mediterranean basin, climate shocks, fragmented land structures, financial barriers to digital technology adoption among smallholders, and market fluctuations. The study concludes by proposing integrated policy recommendations aimed at improving resource-use efficiency, accelerating technological innovation, strengthening agricultural cooperatives, and enhancing the international competitiveness of the Turkish avocado sector.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Avocado; Sustainability; Türkiye; Climate Change; Carbon Footprint; Water Footprint; Innovation; Digital Agriculture; Sustainable Agriculture.
Konu Alanı: Tarım Bilimleri -> Tarım (diğer) -> Tarım Ekonomisi
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