BAĞIRSAK MİKROBİYOTASINDAN HORMON DENGESİNE: ÖSTROBOLOM VE GÜNCEL DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI
Özet
Bağırsak mikrobiyotası, metabolik ve immünolojik fonksiyonların yanı sıra hormonal homeostazın düzenlenmesinde de önemli rol oynamaktadır. Son yıllarda, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının östrojen metabolizması üzerindeki etkilerinden sorumlu olan ve östrojen metabolizmasında görev alan bakteriyel genler ile bunların kodladığı enzimlerin bütünü olarak tanımlanan östrobolom kavramı ön plana çıkmıştır. Östrobolom; β-glukuronidaz, β-glukozidaz ve β-galaktosidaz gibi hidrolitik enzimler aracılığıyla östrojenlerin dekonjugasyonunu sağlayarak enterohepatik dolaşımını ve biyoyararlanımını düzenlemektedir. Bağırsak mikrobiyotası ve östrobolomdaki değişiklikler; meme kanseri, emdometrium kanseri ve polikistik over sendromu gibi östrojenle ilişkili hastalıklarla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Beslenmenin; bağırsak mikrobiyotasının yanı sıra, disbiyozis sonucu östrobolom üzerinde değişikliklere neden olarak ve fitoöstrojen gibi bitkisel kaynaklı moleküller aracılığıyla östrojen metabolizmasını etkileyebileceği belirtilmektedir. Konuyla ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda, Akdeniz Diyeti’nin östrobolom disbiyozisini önlemede güçlü bir beslenme stratejisi olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra; DASH diyeti, Ketojenik diyet ve mikrobiyota üzerinde etkilerinin olduğu belirtilen bazı yağlı tohumlar (keten tohumu, susam ve kabak çekirdeği gibi), probiyotik-prebiyotikler ve glisemik indeksi düşük besinlerin de östrobolom üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmektedir. Fakat buna rağmen östrobolom-beslenme etkileşiminin ve disbiyozun östrojen ilişkili hastalıkların gelişimindeki rolünün daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için uzun dönemli ve kapsamlı klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Mevcut kanıtlar, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının östrojen homeostazının düzenlenmesinde önemli bir rol oynadığını ve kadın sağlığında hormonal bozukluklar açısından önemli klinik sonuçlara neden olabileceğini göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: östrobolom, östrojen, gut mikrobiyotası, diyet
Konu Alanı: Biyoloji -> Biyoloji (diğer) -> Beslenme
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