TEOSİNTEDEN MODERN MISIRA: KÖKENİ, YAŞAM DÖNGÜSÜ, BESLENME VE SAĞLIKTAKİ ÖNEMİ
Özet
Tarımın doğuşuyla birlikte hem Eski hem de Yeni Dünya'da çeşitli bitki türleri kültür altına alınmıştır. Günümüzde küresel ölçekteki beslenme düzeni büyük ölçüde bu kültür bitkilerine dayanmaktadır (Smith, 1998). Mevcut kültür bitkilerinin tamamının, son 12.000 yıllık süreçte yabani atalarından evrildiği kabul edilmektedir (Smith, 1998; Meyer and Purugganan, 2013). Bu evrimsel süreçte seçilime maruz kalan bitkiler, yabani akrabalarında bulunmayan agronomik avantajlar edinmiştir (Smith, 1998). Kültür formlarının iri, besleyici ve lezzetli meyveleri; yabani akrabalarının küçük, acı, ekşi ya da toksik meyvelerine kıyasla belirgin bir morfolojik ve kimyasal değişim sergiler. Örneğin kültür tahılları, yabani türlerin aksine, olgunlaşma döneminde dökülmeyen dayanıklı bir başak yapısı geliştirerek hasat esnasındaki tane kaybını en aza indirgemiştir (Matsuoka, 2005).
Anahtar Kelimeler: Teosinte, Mısır, Yaşam Döngüsü
Konu Alanı: Biyoloji -> Biyoloji (diğer) -> Biyoloji
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