SULAK ALANLARDA BİTKİ EKOLOJİSİ ÇALIŞMALARI: EKOLOJİK İNDİKATÖRLER
Özet
Sulak alanlar; hidrolojik rejim, toprak ve su kimyası, tuzluluk, besin elementi dinamikleri ve bitki toplulukları arasındaki etkileşimlerle şekillenen karmaşık ekosistemlerdir. Bu nedenle sulak alanların ekolojik durumunu değerlendirmede bitki temelli indikatörler önemli araçlardır. Bu bölümde, sulak alan bitki ekolojisinde kullanılan başlıca ekolojik indikatör yaklaşımları, Ellenberg gösterge değerleri, tür toleransları, bitki topluluk yapısı, yaprak özellikleri ve azot-fosfor stokiyometrisi temelinde ele alınmıştır. Hidroloji, tuzluluk, pH, azot ve fosfor gibi çevresel faktörlerin bitki dağılımı ve topluluk yapısı üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilerek, biyolojik indikatörlerin doğrudan çevresel ölçümlerle birlikte kullanılmasının önemi vurgulanmıştır. Türkiye'de Orta Karadeniz bataklık ormanları, Kızılırmak Deltası lagünleri, kıyı kumulları ve halofitik habitatlarda yürütülen çalışmalar üzerinden bitkisel göstergelerin habitat farklılaşmasını, besin zenginleşmesini, tuzluluk gradyanlarını ve çevresel bozulmayı belirlemedeki rolü tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; bitki temelli ekolojik göstergelerin arazi ölçümleri, tür örtüş-bolluk verileri ve tolerans değerleriyle birlikte değerlendirilmesi, sulak alanların izlenmesi, korunması ve restorasyonu için güçlü bir çerçeve sunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Sulak alan, ekolojik indikatör, Ellenberg gösterge değeri, makrofit, tuzluluk, azot-fosfor stokiyometrisi, tolerans değeri.
Konu Alanı: Biyoloji -> Biyoloji (diğer) -> Ekoloji
Aerts, R., & Chapin, F. S., III. (2000). The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited: A re-evaluation of processes and patterns. Advances in Ecological Research, 30, 1–67.
Alahuhta, J. (2015). Geographic patterns of lake macrophyte communities and species richness at regional scale. Journal of Vegetation Science, 26, 564–575.
Ameen, A. D., Kolker, A. S., & Taylor, C. M. (2017). Vegetation and shear strength in a delta-splay mouth bar. Wetlands, 37(6), 1159–1168.
Arslan, H. (2012). Spatial and temporal mapping of groundwater salinity using ordinary kriging and indicator kriging: The case of Bafra Plain, Turkey. Agricultural Water Management, 113, 57–63.
Babur, H., Sürmen, B., & Kutbay, H. G. (2021). Grime’s CSR strategies of aquatic macrophytes in different lagoon lakes in Northern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 21, 211–224. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v21_5_01
Cahoon, D. R., White, D. A., & Lynch, J. C. (2011). Sediment infilling and wetland formation dynamics in an active crevasse splay of the Mississippi River delta. Geomorphology, 131, 57–68.
Capers, R. S., Selsky, R., & Bugbee, G. J. (2010). The relative importance of local conditions and regional processes in structuring aquatic plant communities. Freshwater Biology, 55(5), 952–966. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02328.x
Chappuis, E., Gacia, E., & Ballesteros, E. (2014). Environmental factors explaining the distribution and diversity of vascular aquatic macrophytes in a highly heterogeneous Mediterranean region. Aquatic Botany, 113, 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.11.007
Christia, C., Giordani, G., & Papastergiadou, E. (2018). Environmental variability and macrophyte assemblages in coastal lagoon types of western Greece (Mediterranean Sea). Water, 10(2), 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020151
Diekmann, M. (2003). Species indicator values as an important tool in applied plant ecology—A review. Basic and Applied Ecology, 4(6), 493–506. https://doi.org/10.1078/1439-1791-00185
Ellenberg, H. (1988). Vegetation ecology of Central Europe (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Güsewell, S. (2004). N:P ratios in terrestrial plants: Variation and functional significance. New Phytologist, 164(2), 243–266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01192.x
Güsewell, S., Koerselman, W., & Verhoeven, J. T. A. (2003). Biomass N:P ratios as indicators of nutrient limitation for plant populations in wetlands. Ecological Applications, 13(2), 372–384.
Hill, M. O., Preston, C. D., & Roy, D. B. (2004). PLANTATT: Attributes of British and Irish plants: Status, size, life history, geography and habitats. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
Kasprowicz, M. (2010). Acidophilous oak forests of the Wielkopolska region (West Poland) against the background of Central Europe. Biodiversity Research and Conservation, 20, 1–138.
Koerselman, W., & Meuleman, A. F. M. (1996). The vegetation N:P ratio: A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation. Journal of Applied Ecology, 33(6), 1441–1450.
Kutbay, H. G., & Sürmen, B. (2022). Ellenberg ecological indicator values, tolerance values, species niche models for soil nutrient availability, salinity, and pH in coastal dune vegetation along a landward gradient (Euxine, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany, 46(4), 346–360. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-008X.2714
Lacoul, P., & Freedman, B. (2006). Environmental influences on aquatic plants in freshwater ecosystems. Environmental Reviews, 14(2), 89–136. https://doi.org/10.1139/A06-001
Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Schweingruber, F. H., Theurillat, J.-P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., & Wohlgemuth, T. (2010). Flora indicativa: Ecological indicator values and biological attributes of the flora of Switzerland and the Alps. Haupt Verlag.
McCollin, D., Jackson, J. I., Bunce, R. G. H., Barr, C. J., & Stuart, R. (2000). Hedgerows as habitat for woodland plants. Journal of Environmental Management, 60, 77–90.
Mitsch, W. J., & Gosselink, J. G. (1993). Wetlands (2nd ed.). Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Pignatti, S. (2005). Valori di bioindicazione delle piante vascolari della flora d’Italia. Braun-Blanquetia, 39, 3–97.
Roberts, H. H. (1997). Dynamic changes of the Holocene Mississippi River delta plain: The delta cycle. Journal of Coastal Research, 13(3), 605–627.
Rodríguez-Gallego, L., Achkar, M., & Conde, D. (2015). Land suitability assessment in the catchment area of four southwestern Atlantic coastal lagoons: Multicriteria and optimization modeling. Environmental Management, 55, 1091–1111.
Schaffers, A. P., & Sýkora, K. V. (2000). Reliability of Ellenberg indicator values for moisture, nitrogen and soil reaction: A comparison with field measurements. Journal of Vegetation Science, 11(2), 225–244.
Seidling, W., & Fischer, R. (2008). Deviances from expected Ellenberg indicator values for nitrogen are related to N throughfall deposition in forests. Ecological Indicators, 8, 639–646.
Sürmen, B. (2021). Ecological strategies of terrestrial plant species belonging two different habitats in Kızılırmak Delta (Samsun/TURKEY). Biology Bulletin, 48(6), 800–812. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359021060170
Sürmen, B., Kutbay, H. G., Kılıç, D. D., Hüseyinova, R., & Kılınç, M. (2014). Ellenberg’s indicator values for soil nitrogen concentration and pH in selected swamp forests in the Central Black Sea region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 38(5), 883–895. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1311-43
ter Braak, C. J. F., & Gremmen, N. J. M. (1987). Ecological amplitudes of plant species and the internal consistency of Ellenberg’s indicator values for moisture. Vegetatio, 69, 79–87.
Yılmaz, H., & Sürmen, B. (2026). Ecological stoichiometry and strategies of plants belonging different habitats in Kızılırmak Delta. Anatolian Journal of Botany, 10, 59–65. https://doi.org/10.30616/ajb.1853757
| Kitap: |
| Yayınevi:
Vizetek Yayıncılık |