PROKARYOTİK TAKSONOMİ: TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ VE MODERN YAKLAŞIMLAR
Özet
Prokaryotik taksonomi, Bacteria ve Archaea içerisinde yer alan organizmaların çeşitliliğinin tanımlanması, sınıflandırılması ve bilimsel olarak adlandırılmasına ilişkin kavram, yöntem ve kuralları kapsamaktadır. Bu çerçevede bir organizmanın özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve bilinen taksonlarla karşılaştırılması, taksonomik grubunun ve sınıflandırmadaki konumunun belirlenmesi ile ilgili taksona nomenklatürel kurallara uygun bir bilimsel ad verilmesi, birbiriyle ilişkili ancak birbirinden farklı süreçlerdir. Prokaryotik taksonominin kapsamı bu süreçlerle sınırlı olmayıp taksonların hangi ölçütlere göre tanımlanıp sınırlandırıldığı, taksonomik basamaklar arasındaki hiyerarşik ilişkinin nasıl düzenlendiği ve farklı veri türlerinin taksonomik değerlendirmelerde nasıl kullanıldığı konularını da içermektedir. Bu nedenle prokaryotik taksonominin kavramsal çerçevesinin ortaya konulması; prokaryot kavramının, takson ve taksonomik basamakların, sınıflandırma, tanımlama ve adlandırma kavramlarının ve bunlara ilişkin nomenklatürel kuralların birlikte ele alınmasını gerektirir. Bu bölümde söz konusu kavram ve kurallar açıklanarak, ilerleyen bölümlerde ele alınacak prokaryotik taksonominin tarihsel gelişimi, taksonomik yöntemler, tür sınırlarının belirlenmesi ve yeni taksonların tanımlanması için temel oluşturulmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Prokaryotik Taksonomi, Moleküler Taksonomi, Genomik Taksonomi, Polifazik Taksonomi
Konu Alanı: Biyoloji -> Biyoloji (diğer) -> Mikrobiyoloji
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