FİKOLOJİDEN BİYOTEKNOLOJİYE: ALGLERİN EKOSİSTEM İŞLEYİŞİNDEKİ ROLÜ VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KULLANIMI
Özet
Algler, ışık enerjisini kimyasal enerjiye dönüştürerek sucul ekosistemlerde birincil üretimin, besin ağlarının ve biyogeokimyasal döngülerin temelini oluşturan, mikroskobik hücrelerden büyük tallusa kadar geniş bir çeşitlilik gösteren organizmalardır. Bu bölümde alglerin ekolojik ve biyoteknolojik özellikleri, birbirini tamamlayan iki bilgi alanı olarak ele alınmaktadır. İlk olarak alg kavramının kapsamı, mikroalg ve makroalg ayrımı, büyümeyi belirleyen çevresel koşullar, beslenme esnekliği ve yaşam döngüleri açıklanmaktadır. Ardından alglerin birincil üretim, besin elementi döngüleri, habitat oluşturma ve ekolojik stokiyometri yoluyla ekosistem işleyişine katkıları ile bu katkının birincil üretim, biyokütle ve topluluk bileşimi ölçümleriyle nasıl belirlenebileceği tartışılmaktadır. Bölümün ikinci kısmında bu ekolojik işlevlerin çevresel biyoteknolojiye aktarımı incelenmektedir. Fikoremediasyon ve besin elementi geri kazanımı, makroalglerle entegre yetiştiricilik, metal biyosorpsiyonu ve alg–bakteri birliktelikleri bu kapsamda ele alınmaktadır. Alglerden protein, pigment, polisakkarit, biyostimülant ve kompozit malzeme gibi ürünlerin geliştirilmesi; üretim sistemi seçimi, hasat ve biyorafineri yaklaşımıyla birlikte değerlendirilmektedir. Son olarak işlevsel birim, yaşam döngüsü, hammadde niteliği, karbon hesabı ve kanıt düzeyi gibi sürdürülebilirlik ve kalite güvencesi ölçütleri üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bölüm, alglerin sürdürülebilir kullanımının ancak türün ekolojisi, fizyolojisi ve kimyasal özelliklerinin uygulama hedefiyle ölçülebilir biçimde ilişkilendirilmesiyle güvenilir hale gelebileceğini vurgulamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Fikoloji, mikroalgler, makroalgler, ekosistem işleyişi, fikoremediasyon, biyorafineri, sürdürülebilirlik
Konu Alanı: Biyoloji -> Biyoloji (diğer) -> Biyoloji
Kaynaklar
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