Endokron
Özet
Endokronlar, endodontik tedavi görmüş ve geniş koronal madde kaybına uğramış dişlerin restorasyonunda geliştirilen, adeziv prensiplere dayanan konservatif restorasyon seçeneklerinden biridir. Geleneksel post-kor sistemlerinden farklı olarak kök kanalı içerisine post yerleştirilmesini gerektirmeyen bu restorasyonlar, retansiyonunu pulpa odası ve adeziv simantasyondan alarak sağlıklı diş dokusunun maksimum düzeyde korunmasını amaçlamaktadır. Günümüzde minimal invaziv diş hekimliği yaklaşımının benimsenmesiyle birlikte endokronlar, özellikle posterior endodontik tedavili dişlerin restorasyonunda giderek daha fazla tercih edilmektedir.
Bu bölümde endokron restorasyonlarının tarihsel gelişimi, biyomekanik prensipleri, endikasyon ve kontrendikasyonları, preparasyon tasarımı, kullanılan restoratif materyaller, üretim yöntemleri, adeziv simantasyon protokolleri ve oklüzal tasarım ilkeleri güncel literatür doğrultusunda ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca restorasyon başarısını etkileyen faktörler, klinik komplikasyonlar, uzun dönem sağkalım sonuçları ve geleneksel post-kor destekli restorasyonlarla karşılaştırmalı klinik performansları ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Son yıllarda dijital diş hekimliği uygulamaları, CAD/CAM sistemleri ve yüksek dayanımlı seramik materyallerdeki gelişmelerin endokron restorasyonlarının klinik başarısına olan katkıları da incelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: endokron, kanal tedavisi, indirekt
Konu Alanı: Diş Hekimliği -> Diş Hekimliği (diğer) -> endodonti
Ciobanu P, Manziuc M-M, Buduru SD, et al. Endocrowns–a literature review. Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 2023; 96: 358.
Papalexopoulos D, Samartzi T-K and Sarafianou A. A thorough analysis of the endocrown restoration: a literature review. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 2021;22:422-426.
Mannocci F and Cowie J. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. British Dental Journal 2014;216:341-346.
Carlos RB, Thomas Nainan M, Pradhan S, et al. Restoration of endodontically treated molars using all ceramic endocrowns. Case Reports in Dentistry 2013;2013:210763.
Abduljawad DE and Rayyan MR. Marginal and internal fit of lithium disilicate endocrowns fabricated using conventional, digital, and combination techniques. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 2022;34:707-714.
Forberger N and Göhring TN. Influence of the type of post and core on in vitro marginal continuity, fracture resistance, and fracture mode of lithia disilicate-based all-ceramic crowns. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 2008;100:264-273.
Biacchi GR, Mello B and Basting RT. The endocrown: an alternative approach for restoring extensively damaged molars. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 2013;25:383-390.
Ferrari M, Vichi A, Mannocci F, et al. Retrospective study of the clinical performance of fiber posts. American Journal of Dentistry 2000;13:9B-13B.
Sedrez-Porto JA, Münchow EA, Cenci MS, et al. Which materials would account for a better mechanical behavior for direct endocrown restorations? Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 2020;103:103592.
Chen X, Chadwick TC, Wilson RM, et al. Crystallization and flexural strength optimization of fine-grained leucite glass-ceramics for dentistry. Dental Materials 2011;27:1153-1161.
Gresnigt MM, Özcan M, van den Houten ML, et al. Fracture strength, failure type and Weibull characteristics of lithium disilicate and multiphase resin composite endocrowns under axial and lateral forces. Dental Materials 2016;32:607-614.
El Ghoul W and Salameh Z. Marginal and internal adaptation of lithium disilicate endocrowns fabricated by Heat-Pressable and subtractive techniques. Journal of Prosthodontics 2021;30:509-514.
Ritzberger C, Apel E, Höland W, et al. Properties and clinical application of three types of dental glass-ceramics and ceramics for CAD-CAM technologies. Materials 2010;3:3700-3713.
Tribst JPM, Dal Piva AMdO, de Jager N, et al. Full-crown versus endocrown approach: A 3D-analysis of both restorations and the effect of ferrule and restoration material. Journal of Prosthodontics 2021;30:335-344.
ElHamid AR, Masoud GI and Younes AA. Assessment of fracture resistance, marginal and internal adaptation of endocrown using two different heat-press ceramic materials: an in-vitro study. Tanta Dental Journal 2023;20:196-202.
Soliman M, Alzahrani G, Alabdualataif F, et al. Impact of ceramic material and preparation design on marginal fit of endocrown restorations. Materials 2022;15:5592.
Zarone F, Ruggiero G, Leone R, et al. Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) mechanical and biological properties: A literature review. Journal of Dentistry 2021;109:103661.
Sağlam G, Cengiz S and Karacaer Ö. Marginal adaptation and fracture strength of endocrowns manufactured with different restorative materials: SEM and mechanical evaluation. Microscopy Research and Technique 2021;84:284-290.
Govare N and Contrepois M. Endocrowns: A systematic review. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 2020;123:411-418.e419.
Sahebi M, Ghodsi S, Berahman P, et al. Comparison of retention and fracture load of endocrowns made from zirconia and zirconium lithium silicate after aging: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2022;22:41.
Elashmawy Y, Elshahawy W, Seddik M, et al. Influence of fatigue loading on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with endocrowns. Journal of Prosthodontic Research 2021;65:78-85.
Dartora NR, Moris ICM, Poole SF, et al. Mechanical behavior of endocrowns fabricated with different CAD-CAM ceramic systems. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 2021;125:117-125.
Sevimli G, Cengiz S and Oruç S. Endocrowns. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry 2015;49:57-63.
Conrad HJ, Seong W-J and Pesun IJ. Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations: a systematic review. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 2007;98:389-404.
Zarone F, Sorrentino R, Apicella D, et al. Evaluation of the biomechanical behavior of maxillary central incisors restored by means of endocrowns compared to a natural tooth: a 3D static linear finite elements analysis. Dental Materials 2006;22:1035-1044.
Sen N and Tuncelli B. CAD/CAM Restorasyonlarinin Üretimi Için Kullanilan Materyaller. Turkiye Klinikleri Dishekimligi Bilimleri Dergisi 2017;23:109.
Kılınıç H, Turgut S, Ayaz EA, et al. Güncel nanoseramik ve hibrit CAD/CAM materyalleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2018;28:592-598.
Anusavice KJ. Recent developments in restorative dental ceramics. The Journal of the American Dental Association 1993;124:76.
He J, Zheng Z, Wu M, et al. Influence of restorative material and cement on the stress distribution of endocrowns: 3D finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health 2021;21:495.
Sultan SEK. The effect of cementation techniques and surface treatments on the retention of hybrid ceramic endocrowns. Tanta University, 2018.
Emam Z, Elsayed S, Abu-Nawareg M, et al. Retention of different all ceramic endocrown materials cemented with two different adhesive techniques. European Review for Medical & Pharmacological Sciences 2023;27.