Charge Transfer Mechanisms and Photocatalytic Applications in Graphene-Based Semiconductor Nanocomposites
Özet
Graphene-based semiconductor nanocomposites are widely investigated for photocatalysis because their interfaces can influence charge separation, transport, adsorption, and surface reactions. This chapter reviews the relationships between material design, interfacial charge-transfer mechanisms, and photocatalytic performance. The properties of graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide are discussed in relation to conductivity, functional groups, defects, and semiconductor anchoring. Preparation strategies are examined alongside electron-collection pathways, type-II heterojunctions, and Z-scheme and S-scheme architectures, with emphasis on the experimental evidence required to distinguish competing mechanistic interpretations. The effects of graphene loading, particle structure, interfacial bonding, and reaction conditions are considered using selected quantitative examples. Applications include pollutant degradation, hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, and antimicrobial and self-cleaning surfaces. Particular attention is given to the limitations of comparing activity across different experimental conditions and to challenges involving stability, catalyst recovery, scalable synthesis, and environmental safety. The chapter emphasizes that graphene addition does not guarantee improved activity: effective composites require interfaces tailored to the intended reaction and mechanisms supported by complementary measurements. Future progress depends on reproducible evaluation under realistic operating conditions and the integration of activity, selectivity, durability, and safety into material design.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Graphene; semiconductor nanocomposites; photocatalysis; interfacial charge transfer; heterojunctions; environmental remediation.
Konu Alanı: Kimya -> Kimya (diğer) -> Kimya
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