Adli Kimyada Yeni Teknikler ve Uygulamaları
Özet
Adli kimyada karşılaşılan örneklerin sınırlı miktarda, karmaşık yapıda ve çoğu zaman bozunmaya ya da kontaminasyona açık olması, daha hızlı, duyarlı ve mümkün olduğunca tahribatsız analiz yöntemlerine duyulan gereksinimi artırmaktadır. Bu bölümde, adli kimya laboratuvarlarında kullanılan yeni nesil analitik teknikler temel çalışma prensipleri, üstünlükleri, sınırlılıkları ve adli uygulamaları açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Kapsamlı iki boyutlu gaz kromatografisi, ultra yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi ve minyatürize kromatografik sistemlerin karmaşık karışımların ayrılmasındaki rolü ele alınmıştır. Yüksek çözünürlüklü kütle spektrometrisi; hedefli, şüpheli ve hedef dışı tarama yaklaşımları ile bilinmeyen maddelerin ve yeni psikoaktif maddelerin tanımlanması bakımından incelenmiştir. DART-MS, DESI-MS ve kâğıt sprey kütle spektrometrisi gibi ortam iyonlaştırmalı tekniklerin minimum numune hazırlığıyla hızlı analiz sağlamadaki potansiyeli açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca mikro-FTIR, Raman, SERS ve hiperspektral görüntüleme gibi spektroskopik yöntemler ile LA–ICP–MS, mikro-XRF, LIBS, SEM–EDS ve izotop oranı kütle spektrometrisinin adli delillerin moleküler, elementel ve izotopik olarak değerlendirilmesine katkısı tartışılmıştır. Nanoyapılı sensörler ve taşınabilir analiz sistemlerinin olay yerinde ön tarama ve numune önceliklendirmesi için sunduğu olanaklar değerlendirilmiştir. Yeni tekniklerin rutin adli incelemelere aktarılabilmesi için validasyon, kalite kontrol, ölçüm belirsizliği, zincirleme muhafaza ve ortogonal doğrulama gerekliliklerinin göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Adli kimya, yüksek çözünürlüklü kütle spektrometrisi, ortam iyonlaştırma, kimyasal görüntüleme, elementel analiz, nanoteknolojik sensörler, taşınabilir analiz sistemleri, tahribatsız analiz.
Konu Alanı: Kimya -> Kimya (diğer) -> Kimya - diğer
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